ATP Distributor Book

metals, plastics, and fabrics. This compatibility is crucial in animal care facilities, where diverse materials are used and infrastructure investment is significant.  Reference: McDonnell, G., & Russell, A. D. (1999). Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance . Clinical Microbiology Reviews. Environmental Considerations Quats are designed to be environmentally friendly, with formulations available that are biodegradable and have minimal impact on aquatic life. In contrast, chlorine and some hydrogen peroxides can form toxic by ‐ products that pose environmental risks.  Reference: Gerba, C. P. (2015). Quaternary Ammonium Biocides: Efficacy in Application . Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Effectiveness in Hard Water Water hardness is a critical factor in the efficacy of disinfectants. Hard water can significantly reduce the effectiveness of many disinfecting agents due to the interaction between the disinfectant and minerals found in the water:  Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfectants have limited effectiveness in hard water conditions, with efficacy dropping in water hardness above 200 ppm. This limitation can significantly impact their disinfecting power in many geographical areas where water hardness exceeds this level.  Quats , on the other hand, maintain their efficacy in water hardness of up to 400 ppm, doubling the tolerance level compared to hydrogen peroxide solutions. This makes Quats more versatile and reliable in a broader range of water conditions commonly encountered in animal care facilities. pH Considerations The pH level of a disinfectant solution can significantly affect both its efficacy and safety:  Hydrogen Peroxide typically has a low pH, which can contribute to its corrosiveness and potential to cause irritation or damage to surfaces and living tissues. The acidic nature can limit its use on certain materials and necessitate careful handling to avoid harm to users and animals.  Chlorine ‐ based Disinfectants often have a high pH, increasing their corrosiveness and posing similar risks of irritation or damage. The alkaline nature can also lead to the formation of harmful by ‐ products that can affect both health and the environment.  Quats boast a neutral pH, which greatly reduces the risk of corrosion, irritation, and damage to materials. This neutrality contributes to a safer environment for both animals and humans and allows for a wider range of applications without the risk of damaging surfaces or equipment. Operational Advantages in Animal Care Settings The operational benefits of Quats in animal care facilities extend beyond their antimicrobial efficacy and safety. Quats do not require the pre ‐ cleaning of surfaces for effective disinfection, unlike other chemistries that may necessitate removal of organic matter to be effective.